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【目的】提高无核葡萄胚挽救育种效率。【方法】以12个无核葡萄品种或株系的自然授粉胚珠和6个杂交组合的胚珠为试材,研究不同配方的培养基、不同培养基相态、低温处理、光照和暗培养对无核葡萄的胚发育率的影响。同时,研究花后不同时间取样,摘取果粒取出胚珠培养的适宜时间。【结果】在供试的8种培养基中,Nitsch+GA3 0.5mg·L-1+IAA 1.5mg·L-1和MM3培养基最适宜于无核葡萄离体幼胚的发育,其次是ER培养基。在供试的固相、液相和固液双相的3种相态培养基中,以固液双相培养基进行无核葡萄品种底来特离体胚珠培养为最好。在胚珠离体培养阶段进行低温培养,降低了胚发育率。暗培养有利于幼胚的发育,可提高胚发育率。不同无核葡萄品种和组合在花后摘取果粒,取出胚珠进行离体胚挽救的适宜时间不同,无核白为35d、森田尼无核为40d、火焰无核为40d、底来特为60d、黎明无核为55d、无核紫为70d、优无核为50d、皇家秋天为70d、奇妙无核为60d、奥迪亚无核为40d、红宝石无核×贵妃玫瑰为70d。【结论】本研究中不同无核葡萄品种进行胚挽救宜选择Nitsch+GA3 0.5mg·L-1+IAA 1.5mg·L-1、MM3或ER培养基,在(25±2)℃常温下进行固液双相暗培养,有助于提高胚挽救效率。
【Objective】 To improve the efficiency of seedless embryo rescue breeding. 【Method】 The ovules of 12 non-nuclear grapes or lines of natural pollination and 6 cross combinations of ovules were used as experimental materials to study the effects of medium with different formulations, different phases, low temperature treatment, light and dark culture Effect of embryo development rate on nuclear grapes. At the same time, we studied the sampling time after anthesis, and the suitable time for the removal of ovule culture from the fruit. 【Result】 Nitsch + GA3 0.5 mg · L-1 IAA 1.5 mg · L-1 and MM3 medium were the most suitable for the development of immature embryos in seedless grape, followed by ER Medium. Among the three kinds of phase media of solid phase, liquid phase and solid-liquid biphasic medium, it is best to culture in vitro and in vitro ovule of seedless grape variety with solid-liquid biphasic medium. In vitro culture of ovules during low temperature culture, reducing the rate of embryo development. Dark culture is conducive to the development of immature embryos, embryos can improve the rate of development. Different seedless grape varieties and combinations in the flower picking fruit, removal of ovules in vitro embryos save the appropriate time, non-nuclear white 35d, Morita no nuclear 40d, flame nucleus for 40d, the end is particularly 60d, 55d dawn without nucleus, 70d without nucleus violet, 50d with excellent nucleus, 70d with royal autumn, 60d with no nucleus, 60d with nucleus of Odia, 40d with Ruby without nucleus × 70d with rose. 【Conclusion】 In this study, different seedless grape varieties for embryo rescue should choose Nitsch + GA3 0.5mg · L-1 IAA 1.5mg · L-1, MM3 or ER medium at (25 ± 2) ℃ ambient temperature Double-phase solid-liquid culture, help to improve embryo rescue efficiency.