目的了解盐城地区住院儿童社区获得性肺炎(CAP)感染的病原学及临床特征,为盐城地区儿童CAP的防治提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2014年10月-2015年9月在盐城市妇幼保健院住院的CAP患儿541例的临床资料。住院期间多病原检测包括:痰常见7种呼吸道病毒抗原、血肺炎支原体(MP)-IgM抗体、血EB四项抗体、痰培养或血培养。结果病原体阳性检出率为62.8%。MP28.7%,病毒21.8%,细菌16.8%。从单一病原来看,以MP感染率最高(28.7%),其次为呼吸道合胞病毒、肺炎链球菌。>1~5岁龄组及>5~14岁龄组CAP患儿,MP检出阳性率均较高。病毒感染主要发生于1岁以内婴儿。年龄与发热的发生比及高低程度呈正相关,1岁以内年龄组发热比例低(41.6%)且以低热及中等度发热为主,1岁以上年龄组发热比例高(55.6%)以高热为主。CAP患儿5岁以下年龄组咳嗽、喘息气促的发生率明显高于5岁以上儿童;年龄越小肺部体征越明显。1月~1岁龄组CAP胸部影像学主要表现为小斑片影,多为单侧肺受累;>5~14岁龄组患儿则多为大叶受累阴影,多为单侧肺受累。结论盐城地区住院儿童CAP病原依次为支原体、病毒、细菌。不同年龄段CAP患儿病原体检出率不同。不同年龄和不同病原学感染的儿童CAP的影像学表现各有特点。 Objective To understand the etiological and clinical features of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) infection in hospitalized children in Yancheng, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of CAP in Yancheng area. Methods The clinical data of 541 CAP children hospitalized in Yancheng MCH from October 2014 to September 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Pathogens detected during hospitalization include: common 7 kinds of sputum respiratory virus antigen, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) -IgM antibody, EB four blood antibodies, sputum culture or blood culture. Results The positive rate of pathogens was 62.8%. MP28.7%, virus 21.8%, bacteria 16.8%. From a single pathogen perspective, the highest rate of MP infection (28.7%), followed by respiratory syncytial virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae. The positive rate of MP was higher in> 1 ~ 5 years old and> 5 ~ 14 years old children with CAP. Virus infection occurs mainly in infants less than 1 year old. There was a positive correlation between age and incidence of fever and the level of fever. The rate of fever in the age group of less than 1 year old was low (41.6%), with low and moderate fever, and the rate of fever in those over 1 year old was high (55.6%). . The incidence of cough and breathlessness in children under 5 years old with CAP was significantly higher than that of children over 5 years old. The younger the age, the more obvious the signs of lung. From January to the age of 1, CAP thoracic imaging mainly manifested as small patchy film, mostly unilateral lung involvement;> 5 to 14-year-old children were mostly affected by the shadow of large leaf involvement, mostly unilateral lung involvement. Conclusions The pathogen of CAP in hospitalized children in Yancheng area are Mycoplasma, virus and bacterium. Pathogens detected in CAP children of different ages have different detection rates. The imaging features of CAP in children of different ages and different etiology have their own characteristics.