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铅冶炼技术分为烧结焙烧-鼓风炉还原熔炼技术(传统铅冶炼工艺)和直接熔炼技术。铅冶炼企业不论采用哪种技术,都会在生产过程中产生以铅烟为主的大气污染物,而无机铅及其化合物在环境中十分稳定,不易代谢和降解,对大气、水体、土壤都有可能造成污染。为了更好地保护铅冶炼企业周边居民的健康,应在企业和周围居民区间设置一定的卫生防护距离。卫生防护距离是产生有害因素的部门(车间或工段)的边界至居民区边界的最小距离,其作用是为企业无组织排放的大气污染物提供一段稀释距离,使污染气体达到居民区时的浓度符合国家标准。但目前我国尚未颁布铅冶炼业的卫生防护距离标准,为了更好地规范铅冶炼企业项目建设、保护企业周边居民身体健康,亟需制定相关标准。因此,笔者于2008—2010年进行了此项标准的研究工作。
Lead smelting technology is divided into sintering roasting - blast furnace reduction smelting technology (conventional lead smelting process) and direct smelting technology. Lead smelting enterprises no matter what kind of technology will produce lead-based air pollutants in the production process, and inorganic lead and its compounds in the environment is very stable, not easy to metabolism and degradation of the atmosphere, water, soil May cause pollution. In order to better protect the health of the residents around the lead smelting enterprises, some health protection distance should be set between the enterprises and surrounding residential areas. Health protection distance is the minimum distance from the border of the department (workshop or section) where the harmful factor is generated to the boundary of the residential area. Its function is to provide a dilution distance for the air pollutants discharged unorganized by the enterprise so that the concentration of the polluted gas reaches the residential area In line with national standards. However, at present, China has not yet promulgated the standard of sanitary protection for lead smelting industry. In order to better standardize the project construction of lead smelting enterprises and protect the health of residents around the enterprises, it is imperative to formulate relevant standards. Therefore, I carried out this standard research work in 2008-2010.