氟的理化特性及在自然界的分布 氟在元素周期表上排为第九号,原子量19.00,是负电性最强的非金属元素,呈负一价,几乎与所有元素相互作用。常温下氟为一淡黄色气体:比重1∶31,有刺激性,微溶于水。在空气中很快与氢化合成氟化氢(HF),因此其毒性和HF相似。氟的溶点为-218.6℃,沸点-188.0℃,液体在沸点时的比重为1.108。 1886年,法国化学家Moissan用电解法首先制得了元素氟~((1))。 氟占地壳组成的0.06~((2))～0.078~((1))％,绝大部分以化合状态存在,只有少数矿物中可以发现有游离氟~((1))。含氟矿石中,最重要 Physical and chemical properties of fluorine and its distribution in nature Fluorine ranks No. 9 on the periodic table, with an atomic weight of 19.00. It is the most negatively charged nonmetallic element with a negative monovalent value and interacts with almost all elements. Fluorine at room temperature as a pale yellow gas: specific gravity 1:31, irritating, slightly soluble in water. Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is rapidly synthesized in the air and therefore has similar toxicity and HF. The melting point of fluorine is -218.6 ° C and the boiling point is -188.0 ° C. The specific gravity of the liquid at boiling point is 1.108. In 1886, the French chemist Moissan first prepared the elemental fluorine ~ ((1)) by electrolysis. Fluorine accounted for 0.06 ~ (2) ~ 0.078 ~ (1))% of the crust, most of which existed in the compound state. Only a few of the minerals were found to have free fluorine ~ (1). Fluoride ore, the most important