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非自然叙事学以建构“非自然叙事诗学”为终极目标迅猛发展,为叙事学提供了新范例。越来越多的学者开始研究一些在当今叙事学的框架下被忽视或者是被边缘化的非自然文本。而这其中,有三位学者(理查森、阿尔贝、尼尔森)对非自然叙事学的发展做出了巨大的贡献。在理查森那里,“非自然”被视作是“反摹仿”的同义词。以阿尔贝为代表的学者用“非自然”指那些在物理上、逻辑上或人力上不可能的场景与事件。以尼尔森为代表的论者认为,“非自然”既出现在叙述行为层面又出现于再现层面。本文通过归纳三位学者的观点,总结出非自然叙事学的基本观点,并尝试性地提出非自然然叙事学未来研究的新方向。
Non-natural narratology developed rapidly with the ultimate aim of constructing “Unnatural Narrative Poetics” and provided a new paradigm for narratology. More and more scholars are beginning to study some of the unnatural texts that have been neglected or marginalized under the current framework of narratology. Of these, three scholars (Richardson, Albert, Nelson) made great contributions to the development of unnatural narratology. In Richardson, “unnatural” is treated as a synonym for “anti-imitation.” Scholars represented by Albert use “unnatural” to refer to scenes and events that are not physically, logically or manpowerly possible. Theorists represented by Nielsen think that “unnatural ” appears both in the narrative act and in the reproducibility. By summarizing the views of three scholars, this paper summarizes the basic ideas of unnatural narratology and tentatively proposes new directions for the future research of non-naturalistic narratology.