文学理论家刘再复教授在日本爱知大学的一次演讲中,大量地引用了钱穆的《国史大纲》与《国史新论》中这样一个思想:世界文化分为三大类型——游牧文化,商业文化,农业文化。游牧民族由于受生活习性和水草的季节特点所限,难以保证充足的生活资源,为了生存下去,不得不向外扩张,掠夺他国财富,添补自己的生活需求。以商业为中心的民族例如地中海国家,因为资源不足,便借助航海的力量向外扩张,寻求新的生存空间与资源。游牧民族与商业国家的这种因为生存需求而出现的对 In his speech at Aichi University in Japan, the literary theorist Professor Liu Zaifu quoted a large number of such thoughts as Qian Mu’s “Outline of National History” and “A New Theory of National History”: the world culture is divided into three major types: nomadic culture and commercial culture Agricultural culture. Due to the limitation of living habits and the seasonal characteristics of aquatic plants, nomadic people can not guarantee sufficient living resources. In order to survive, the nomadic people have to expand outward and plunder the wealth of other countries to supplement their own life needs. Commercial-centric nations such as the Mediterranean countries, for their lack of resources, have used the power of navigation to expand outward and seek new living space and resources. Nomadic ethnic groups and commercial countries because of survival needs arise