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头颈部鳞状细胞癌(Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,HNSCC)占头颈部癌症的95%,全球发病率超过1百万人。尽管在过去的几十年里治疗有了很大的进步,但对于复发或转移的HNSCC患者的预后通常是交叉的,5年存活率较低。因此,寻找新的HNSCC生物标志物和有效治疗方案,优化HNSCC的治疗是很重要的。表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)在大约90%的肿瘤中都呈过度表达。表皮生长因子受体已成为HNSCC新疗法中最常见的靶点之一。这样,多种针对表皮生长因子受体的疗法在HNSCC治疗中已经测试,但反应率仍然很低,特别是对于复发或转移性的HNSCC。这归因于表皮生长因子受体目标疗法的耐药机制。阿法替尼为不可逆转的Erb B家族阻断剂,能抑压信息传导和阻隔与癌细胞生长和分裂相关的主要通道。同时抑制多个Erb B家族成员(如EGFR、HER2及Erb B4),正在调查在HNSCC二期治疗结果和正在进行的三期试验。这些试验的结果将有助于理解阿法替尼在治疗HNSCC领域的情况。
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for 95% of head and neck cancers and has a global incidence of more than 1 million people. Despite significant advances in treatment over the past few decades, the prognosis for HNSCC patients with recurrent or metastatic disease is usually interdependent and has a low 5-year survival rate. Therefore, looking for new HNSCC biomarkers and effective treatment options, optimizing the treatment of HNSCC is very important. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in about 90% of tumors. Epidermal growth factor receptor has become one of the most common targets of new therapies for HNSCC. Thus, a variety of therapies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor have been tested in HNSCC treatment, but the response rate is still low, especially for recurrent or metastatic HNSCC. This is due to the resistance mechanism of the epidermal growth factor receptor target therapy. Afatinib is an irreversible Erb B family of blockers that inhibit information transmission and block the major pathways involved in cancer cell growth and division. While inhibiting multiple Erb B family members (such as EGFR, HER2, and Erb B4), are investigating Phase II HNSCC outcomes and ongoing Phase III trials. The results of these trials will help to understand the impact of afatinib in the treatment of HNSCC.