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目的分析饮食运动指导对孕前超重肥胖孕妇妊娠期糖尿病的预防效果。方法选取2015年6月-2016年6月在医院门诊孕检的孕前超重肥胖孕妇60例,按随机方法分为对照组和观察组各30例。对照组孕妇进行常规护理,观察组孕妇在常规护理的基础上制定合理的饮食运动方案,并随访实施情况,比较两组孕妇的体质、妊娠期糖尿病发生情况、分娩方式和新生儿状况。结果观察组孕前超重孕妇食物摄入更合理,营养吸收更均衡,体重增长明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组孕前肥胖孕妇体重增长明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组22例孕前超重孕妇无一患上GDM,8例孕前肥胖孕妇有1例患上GDM,总发生率为3.33%,明显低于对照组的10.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组新生儿体重低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);巨大儿发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过饮食运动指导对孕前超重肥胖孕妇的干预,在调节孕期女性体重增长、对妊娠期糖尿病的预防和对围生儿巨大儿发生率的控制方面均有突出的效果,值得推广应用。
Objective To analyze the preventive effect of dietary exercise on gestational diabetes in pregnant women with overweight and obesity. Methods Sixty pregnant women with overweight and obesity before pregnancy in the outpatient clinic from June 2015 to June 2016 were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group of 30 cases. Control group of pregnant women for routine care, observation group of pregnant women on the basis of routine care to develop a reasonable diet exercise program, and follow-up implementation, comparison of pregnant women in the two groups, the occurrence of gestational diabetes, mode of delivery and neonatal conditions. Results The food intake of overweight pregnant women before pregnancy was more reasonable, the nutrition absorption was more balanced and the weight gain was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). The weight growth of obese pregnant women in observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). GDM was observed in 22 cases of overweight pregnant women in the observation group and 1 case of GDM in 8 pregnant women before pregnancy, the total incidence was 3.33%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (10.00%) (P <0.05 ). The body weight of neonates in the observation group was lower than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The incidence of macrosomia was significantly lower than that of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The intervention of dietary exercise on pregnant women with overweight and obesity before pregnancy has prominent effects in regulating weight gain of pregnant women, preventing gestational diabetes and controlling the incidence of giant infants in perinatal period, which is worth popularizing and applying.