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目的了解1990—2006年上海市风疹流行病学特征。方法用描述流行病学方法分析1990-2006年上海市传染病报告疫情数据库,数据采用Excel整理与分析。结果1990—2006年上海市风疹报告发病率为0.15/10万～451.57/10万;1993年上海市发生风疹大流行,是风疹发病最高的年份,共报告风疹病例58 104例,1998年是风疹发病的最低年份,共报告19例;1990—1994年(疫苗使用前)年平均报告发病率为93.00/10万,在疫苗使用前,风疹发病有明显的季节性特征,每年发病高峰集中在3—6月;风疹病例主要集中在儿童和青少年人群,即以5～9岁和10～14岁年龄组为主。1995年开始在上海市大规模使用风疹联合疫苗(MMR)后,全市MMR接种率达85%以上。风疹发病率呈逐渐下降趋势,每年报告风疹发病数除1995年外均<100例,风疹的发病得到有效控制。但疫苗使用后,风疹发病的年龄构成有所改变,0～4岁发病年龄构成增加,占总发病数的21.00%,且发病年龄有逐年后移趋势,20岁以上年龄组发病占总发病数的31.62%,1995—2006年25～29岁年龄组和30～34岁年龄组风疹发病率均高于疫苗使用前(除1993年)相同年龄组的发病率。结论上海市风疹发病年龄后移。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Shanghai during 1990-2006. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic database of infectious diseases in Shanghai from 1990 to 2006. The data were sorted and analyzed by Excel. Results The incidence of rubella in Shanghai was 0.15 / 100,000 ~ 451.57 / 100,000 in 1990-2006. The highest incidence of rubella was reported in Shanghai in 1993 with a total of 58 104 cases of rubella and rubella in 1998 The lowest incidence of disease in 19 cases were reported; 1990-1994 (before vaccine use) the annual average reported incidence of 93.00 / 100 000 before the vaccine, the incidence of rubella obvious seasonal characteristics, the annual incidence peak concentrated in 3 - June; rubella cases are mainly concentrated in children and adolescents, that is, 5-9 years old and 10-14 years old age group dominated. After the large-scale use of rubella combined vaccine (MMR) in Shanghai in 1995, the city’s MMR vaccination rate reached more than 85%. The incidence of rubella showed a gradual downward trend. The number of reported cases of rubella each year was <100 cases in 1995, and the incidence of rubella was effectively controlled. However, after the vaccine was used, the age constitution of the rubella changed. The age of onset of 0 ~ 4 years old increased, accounting for 21.00% of the total number of cases, and the age of onset was gradually shifted year by year. The incidence of the age group over 20 years old accounted for the total number of cases The prevalence of rubella in the age group of 25-29 years and the age group of 30-34 years in 1995-2006 was higher than that of the same age group before the vaccine was used (except 1993). Conclusion The age of onset of rubella in Shanghai is late.