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港口装卸工艺设计是港口工程建设中的重要决策之一,它将直接影响到建设投资与建设规模。设计时,我们既不能使港口装卸能力过小,造成船舶排队很长;也不能使港口装卸能力过大,造成很低的设备利用率而增加设备投资。我们的目的是既要尽可能减少因压船造成的经济损失,又要减少因港口装卸能力过大设备待时造成的经济损失,使这两项损失之和达到最小。船舶到港的时刻一般是无法事先知道的,要求装卸时间也随船舶的不同而异,它们是完全随机的。大量统计资料表明,船舶到港和装卸警方售价通常遵循概率分布,这就说明应用排队理论研究港口最佳能力与泊位数问题是可行的。
Port loading and unloading process design is one of the important decisions in port construction, which will directly affect the construction investment and construction scale. In design, we can neither make the loading and unloading capacity of the port too small, resulting in a long line of vessels. Nor can we make the port handling capacity too large, resulting in low equipment utilization rate and increased equipment investment. Our objective is to minimize both the economic losses caused by the pressure vessels and the economic losses caused by the excessive loading and unloading capacity of the port when the equipment is loaded, so that the sum of these two losses is minimized. The arrival time of a ship is generally unknown beforehand, and the loading and unloading time also varies with the ship. They are totally random. A large number of statistical data show that the selling prices of ships to ports and loading and unloading usually follow the probability distribution, which shows that it is feasible to apply the queuing theory to study the optimal port capacity and number of berths.