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目的了解2011~2012年郴州市新生儿听力障碍的发病情况及新生儿听力筛查实施过程中可能存在的问题。方法对2011~2012年郴州市分娩的新生儿在出生后3~5天行TEOAE听力初筛,未通过者42天龄时行TEOAE听力复筛,复筛未通过者在3个月内行ABR、ASSR等检查,对患儿进行综合听觉评估。结果 2011~2012年郴州市新生儿初筛率为86.82%(121 352/139 769),复筛率为81.87%(10 216/12 478),转诊率为74.37%(795/1 069);确诊为听力损失161例(242耳),其中单耳80例,双耳81例,听力损失检出率为1.33‰(161/121 352);确诊月龄为2~24月,平均5.1±3.1月。结论 2011~2012年郴州市新生儿听力损失检出率为1.33‰,但存在初筛率、复筛率、转诊率低,漏诊率、失访率高等问题。应加强新生儿听力筛查宣传,随访及管理工作,降低听力障碍患儿的失访及漏诊率。
Objective To understand the incidence of neonatal hearing impairment in Chenzhou from 2011 to 2012 and possible problems in the implementation of hearing screening in neonates. Methods The newborns delivered in Chenzhou from 2011 to 2012 were given TEOAE hearing screening at 3 ~ 5 days after birth. Those who failed to do TEOAE hearing screening at 42 days old were enrolled. ASSR and other tests, comprehensive auditory evaluation of children. Results The screening rate of newborns in Chenzhou from 2011 to 2012 was 86.82% (121 352/139 769). The screening rate was 81.87% (10 216/12 478). The referral rate was 74.37% (795/1 069). 161 cases (242 ears) were diagnosed as hearing loss, including 80 cases of single ear and 81 cases of both ears. The detection rate of hearing loss was 1.33 ‰ (161/121 352). The age of diagnosis was from 2 to 24 months (mean, 5.1 ± 3.1) month. Conclusion The detection rate of neonatal hearing loss in Chenzhou from 2011 to 2012 was 1.33 ‰, but there were some problems such as the rate of initial screening, the rate of screening, the low rate of referral, the rate of missed diagnosis and the rate of loss of follow-up. Neonatal hearing screening should strengthen the propaganda, follow-up and management to reduce the loss of hearing and hearing loss in children with missed diagnosis rate.