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目的:探讨注意缺陷与多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的父母可能出现的应激、应对及人文关怀策略。方法:通过综述近年来的研究资料及临床经验,探讨ADHD可能给父母带来的心理压力及其应对,并提出现实性支持和心理支持的具体方法。结果:部分ADHD父母可能存在一定的应激性反应及独特的应对,包括心理、生理、社会应激反应,其应对策略可能有:否认与释怀、愤怒、悲伤、接受等。针对上述情况,可为父母提供现实性支持,包括在网上提供就诊、治疗与训练信息和心理支持,成立ADHD家属地方性服务机构,出版与发行科普书籍、杂志、专著、报刊,利用现有的精神卫生防治机构对ADHD儿童进行长期随访和为其父母提供心理支持,同时为父母提供社区性心理咨询和专业性家庭治疗。结论:对ADHD孩子的父母的人文关怀是一个长期、艰巨而细致的任务,需要社会各界的共同努力。
Objective: To investigate the possible stress, coping and humane care strategies of parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: By reviewing the research data and clinical experience in recent years, this paper explores the psychological stress that ADHD may bring to parents and its coping strategies, and puts forward concrete methods of realistic support and psychological support. Results: Some ADHD parents may have some stress response and unique response, including psychological, physical and social stress response. The coping strategies may include: denial and remission, anger, sadness, acceptance and so on. In response to the above, parents can be provided with realistic support, including information on treatment, training and psychological support online, the establishment of local service providers for ADHD families, the publication and distribution of popular books, magazines, monographs and newspapers, the use of existing Mental health agencies provide long-term follow-up of ADHD children and psychological support for their parents, as well as community-based counseling and specialized family therapy for parents. Conclusion: The humane care of parents of ADHD children is a long-term, arduous and meticulous task that requires the joint efforts of all sectors of society.