Ⅰ、ICU的历史ICU(重症监护室Intensive Care Unit,日本译为集中治疗部),是近代医学的产物。在19世纪诞生了近代麻醉学,20世纪初(第一次世界大战前后)普及了输血,使外科手术有了飞速发展的基础。进入20世纪后半期发展了低温手术,体外循环法、长期人工呼吸法、人工透析法等全身性技术管理。因此,外科手术渐渐提高,扩大了适应范围。与此同时,手术后的患者只在恢复室和重症室观察,处理不了的情况也增多。例如,心脏手术后的患者,术后多半也像术中一样要求循环系统的管理。危重患者术后在独立的护理组集中管理的单位(Unit)诞生于1950年代,这是 I. History of ICU The ICU (Intensive Care Unit of the Intensive Care Unit, translated into the Ministry of Concentration Therapy in Japan) is a product of modern medicine. In the 19th century, modern anesthesiology was born. In the early 20th century (before and after the First World War), blood transfusion was popularized, and the surgery was rapidly developed. In the second half of the 20th century, systemic techniques such as cryosurgery, cardiopulmonary bypass, long-term artificial respiration, and artificial dialysis were developed. As a result, surgical procedures have gradually increased and the scope of adaptation has been expanded. At the same time, patients after surgery were only observed in the recovery room and intensive care unit, and the number of patients who could not be treated increased. For example, in patients after cardiac surgery, postoperative management of the circulatory system is also required as much as surgery. Units of critically ill patients who were centrally managed in an independent care unit after surgery were born in the 1950s.