论文部分内容阅读
我们自1975年起开展小麦抗赤霉病育种的研究,其结果为:(1)大量的选种材料在病圃采用土表接菌法进行初筛,高代品系在病圃保湿条件下采用滴菌或注射接菌法进行复筛,优良高代抗赤霉病品系在流行地区进行多点鉴定。用这些方法可以有效地鉴定赤霉病抗性的强弱和稳定性。(2)小麦赤霉病抗性遗传是由细胞核基因控制的。试验结果指出,望水白、苏麦3号及其衍生品种宁7840)对赤霉病抗性表现强而稳定,呈显性、配合力较好。抗赤霉病遗传似是由2-3对基因所支配。除主效基因外,还有一定数量的微效修饰基因。(3)苏麦3号是最好的抗赤霉病品种之一,其抗性容易传给后代。一些品系具有高抗赤霉病和其它病害的能力,农艺性状较好,是苏麦3号与具有1B/1R染色体易位系阿芙乐尔杂交的后代。(4)小麦抗赤霉病育种目标在于选育兼抗其它病害、高产和广泛适应性。因此,需要采用复合杂交,例如多亲本连续杂交以及各代在人工接种条件下用单株连续选择方法。
Since 1975, we carried out the research on wheat breeding against Fusarium head blight. The results are as follows: (1) A large number of selected materials were screened by soil surface inoculation method in the nursery, Bacillus subtilis or injection inoculation method for screening, excellent high-generation anti-scab mold strains in the endemic areas for multi-point identification. These methods can effectively identify the strength and stability of scab resistance. (2) The resistance of wheat scab is controlled by the nuclear gene. The results showed that Wangshuibai, Sumai 3 and their derivatives Ning 7840 showed strong and stable resistance to Fusarium head blight, with dominant and better combining ability. Inheritance of resistance to blight seems to be dominated by 2-3 pairs of genes. In addition to the major genes, there are a number of minor modifications of the gene. (3) Sumai 3 is one of the best anti-scab varieties, its resistance is easy to pass on to future generations. Some lines have high resistance to scab and other diseases, agronomic traits are better, is Sumai 3 with 1B / 1R chromosome translocation line Fufurier hybrid offspring. (4) The goal of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight breeding and anti-other diseases, high yield and wide adaptability. Therefore, it is necessary to use complex crosses, such as multiple parents for continuous hybridization and single passage continuous selection methods for each generation under artificial inoculation conditions.