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施工现场是最危险的一类工作场所。据美国劳工统计局统计,2008年,工程事故已导致1005人死亡,每年耗资约115亿美元。事实上,如果有更完善的工程与行政管控和施工安全培训,很多工程事故是可以避免的。三维可视化和分析在增强施工安全方面起着重要的作用。本文主要讨论了利用BIM支持的安全控制措施,监控潜在的工程危险,并列举了用以及时提醒设计人员和施工人员的实例。如果在设计阶段即可通过模拟发现潜在风险,那将会极大地降低解决风险或避免风险的成本,并且能够更容易地实施解决方案。本文讨论了BIM对项目改扩建期间加强施工人员、建筑物使用者以及最终用户等群体的安全问题所起到的积极作用。本文将采用实例来讨论利用BIM预测潜在施工风险的方式,并启发和探讨未来设计工具和工艺的发展趋势。
The construction site is the most dangerous type of workplace. According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2008, 1005 people were killed in engineering accidents, costing about 11.5 billion U.S. dollars each year. In fact, many engineering accidents can be avoided if there is a better engineering and administrative control and construction safety training. 3D visualization and analysis play an important role in enhancing construction safety. This article focuses on using BIM-backed safety controls to monitor potential engineering hazards and gives examples that alert designers and builders in a timely manner. If potential risks are identified through simulations during the design phase, then the cost of resolving or avoiding the risk will be significantly reduced and solutions will be easier to implement. This article discusses the positive role BIM plays in enhancing the safety of construction workers, building occupants and end-users during the reconstruction and renovation of the project. This article will use examples to discuss ways to predict potential construction risks using BIM and to enlighten and explore future trends in design tools and processes.