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目的:探讨北京地区树木花粉的致敏特点,并分析其与气传花粉的关系。方法:将2017年1~7月份变态反应科就诊的2 521例过敏性疾病患者纳入研究,均接受8种树木花粉变应原点刺试验(SPT)。结果:(1)树木花粉SPT阳性率为49.3%(1 244/2 521)。男性致敏率高于女性(56.4%vs 45.0%,P<0.01)。儿童组花粉致敏阳性率显著高于成人组(55.9%vs 48.6%,P<0.05)。树木花粉致敏趋向于多重致敏,≥3种树木花粉阳性率为26.3%,占总阳性人群的53.3%。(2)树木花粉致敏的阳性率呈现典型的季节高峰,3月份阳性率最高(62.2%),其次为5月份(52.1%),最低为1月份(27.9%)。花粉致敏阳性率与空气中花粉总量高度相关(r=0.929,P<0.01)。(3)圆柏花粉点刺阳性率最高(34.6%),其次为杨树(21.3%),槐树(13.3%)。不同花粉的致敏率和空气中的含量高度相关(r=0.714,P<0.05)。结论:北京地区主要致敏树种为圆柏。春季树木花粉致敏呈现季节性,3月份为致敏高峰期。春季树木花粉致敏率与空气中的播散量有关。
Objective: To investigate the allelopathic characteristics of tree pollen in Beijing and to analyze its relationship with airborne pollen. METHODS: Totally 2 521 patients with allergic diseases admitted to the Department of Allergy in January-July 2017 were enrolled in the study. Eight tree pollen allergens prick tests (SPT) were performed. Results: (1) The positive rate of SPT in tree pollen was 49.3% (1 244/2 521). The sensitization rate of male was higher than that of female (56.4% vs 45.0%, P <0.01). The positive rate of pollen sensitization in children was significantly higher than that in adults (55.9% vs 48.6%, P <0.05). Pollen sensitization of trees tends to be multi-sensitized. The positive rate of ≥3 tree pollen is 26.3%, accounting for 53.3% of the total positive population. (2) The positive rate of pollen allelopathic trees showed the typical seasonal peak, the highest positive rate was 62.2% in March, followed by May (52.1%) and the lowest was January (27.9%). The positive rate of pollen allergy was highly correlated with the total amount of pollen in the air (r = 0.929, P <0.01). (3) The highest positive rate of juniper pollen prickles was 34.6%, followed by poplar (21.3%) and locust tree (13.3%). The sensitization rate of different pollen is highly correlated with the air content (r = 0.714, P <0.05). Conclusion: The main primed species in Beijing are Sabina przewalskii. Pollen allergens showed seasonal seasonal pollen in March, and peaked in March. Spring tree pollen sensitization rate and the amount of air in the spread.