论文部分内容阅读
叶是小麦和其它植物的重要营养器官,植物的有机物主要靠叶进行光合作用来制造。试验证明,小麦亩产800—1,000斤时全生育期光能利用率仅为0.4—0.5％,即使在生长盛期也只能达到5％,而植物光能利用率最高可达10％,可见小麦增产潜力还很大。因此了解叶的结构、功能及掌握叶的生长规律以提高光能利用率,对夺取小麦高产有重要意义。一、小麦叶的形态结构与生理功能小麦叶由叶片、叶鞘、叶耳、叶舌组成。叶片扁平伸展在空间,便于接受阳光、吸收二氧化碳进行光合作用;叶鞘紧包在茎上可加强茎秆的坚固性和保护居间(节间)分生组织。叶片的结构主要包括表皮层、叶肉细胞和叶脉等部分。
Leaves are important vegetative organs of wheat and other plants, and the organic matter of plants is mainly produced by photosynthesis of leaves. Experiments show that 800-1,000 kg per mu yield of wheat during the whole growth period of light energy utilization rate of only 0.4-0.5%, even in the growth period can only reach 5%, while the plant up to 10% utilization of light energy can be seen Potential yield increase of wheat is still great. Therefore, to understand the structure and function of leaves and to grasp the law of leaf growth in order to increase the utilization of light energy is of great significance to the high yield of wheat. First, the morphological structure of wheat leaves and physiological functions Wheat leaves from the leaves, leaf sheath, leaf ear, ligule composition. Leaf flat extended in space, easy to accept the sun, absorb carbon dioxide for photosynthesis; sheath tightly wrapped on the stem can enhance the sturdiness of stalks and protect the intervening (internode) meristematic. The structure of the leaves include the epidermis, mesophyll cells and veins and other parts.