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离子在水溶液中的状态,对某些化学工艺过程及分析化学中的重要问题的研究很有意义。例如电镀银时,如用硝酸银溶液,镀的银层粗糙,若用络氰化物,则镀层平滑而美观。铅的淀积也是这样,若用硅氟酸铅或硼氟酸铅为电镀液,所得的镀层比用硝酸铅时的细致、均匀。无氰电镀是用其他络合剂代替有毒的氰化物,其实质也是改变金属离子的状态。海水中铀的总量,估计达40多亿吨,为陆地贮量的4000倍。其提取是一大课题,许多国家都正在热烈研究,而确定铀的离子状态,可能是解决这一问题的前提。
The state of ions in aqueous solution is of great significance for the study of some important problems in chemical processes and analytical chemistry. For example, silver plating, such as silver nitrate solution, plated silver rough, if the complex cyanide, the coating smooth and beautiful. The same is true for the deposition of lead. If lead silicofluoride or lead borofluoride is used as the plating solution, the resultant coating is more detailed and uniform than that of lead nitrate. Cyanide plating is the use of other complexing agents instead of toxic cyanide, its essence is to change the state of metal ions. The total amount of uranium in seawater is estimated at more than 4 billion tons, 4000 times the land reserve. Its extraction is a major issue and many countries are studying it energetically. Determining the ionic state of uranium may be the prerequisite for solving this problem.