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宋代的枢密都承旨渊源于晚唐时负责承接、传递章奏的枢密承旨。太平兴国七年(982)初设都承旨,仍然保留上殿奏事以及对军务文书的通进职能。因枢密院机构性质的次第转变以及宋代文武分途治国理念的制约,都承旨的人选经历了武资官、吏人、文资官的变化。神宗朝出现文官任正职、武官任副职的格局,但宋神宗多用武官。哲宗朝重归于文官。绍兴元年(1131)将“都承旨一员,并差两制”确立为祖宗故事。宋孝宗起用武官,后受到文官集体抵制而放弃。文武纠葛的背后既有“亲疏”与“能庸”的交织,又有皇帝与文官集体的权力博弈,共同呈现出宋代中枢政治的复杂面相。
The secret of the Song dynasty originated from the pivot bearing in the late Tang dynasty. In the seven years of peace and rejuvenation (982), all of them set up their own decrees and still retained the functions of going to their dungeons and passing the military instruments. Due to the change of the nature of the Privy Council Institution and the restriction of the idea of administering the country by means of civil and military separation in the Song Dynasty, the candidates for the purpose of Chengwuzhi have undergone changes in the military, official and literary officials. Shenzong DPRK civil servants to any post, military officer deputy pattern, but the Song Shenzong more military officer. Zhezong North returned to civilian. In the first year of Shaoxing (1131), “one member of Chengchuang and two systems of difference” was established as the ancestor’s story. Song Xiaocong up military attache, after being boycott by civil officials and give up. Behind the struggle between the civil and the military are both intertwined “pro-and-sparse ” and “can be vulgar ”, as well as the power game between the emperor and the civil official, which together present the complicated face of the central politics in the Song Dynasty.