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歌剧《费黛利奥》是19世纪欧洲音乐史上的一部重要作品，它的出现标志着德国歌剧由先前的歌唱剧（Singspiel）向一个更高的专业层次的迈进，也集中反映出贝多芬的戏剧观和道德观，贝多芬为这部歌剧先后创作了四首序曲，无意中为后人提供了一个了解他创作思维变化、发展的重要契机。本文试图对这四首序曲进行一次较为细致的音乐分析，以了解这个变化的过程，及其带来的音乐方面的具体表现与特征。
The opera “Fidelio” is an important work in the history of European music in the 19th century. Its appearance marks that German opera moved from a previous opera (Singspiel) to a higher professional level, and also highlights Beethoven The dramatic and moral concepts Beethoven has created four prelude to this opera, inadvertently provided an opportunity for future generations to understand the changes and development of his creative thinking. This article attempts to conduct a more detailed analysis of these four prelude to music, in order to understand the process of change, as well as the specific aspects and characteristics of music.