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三代是儒家政治追求的最高理想社会,素为儒家士大夫心目中的黄金时代,“回向三代”去追寻中华文化的元典精神,探索儒学的真实意蕴成为了历代儒家士大夫的坚定信念。郭嵩焘作为有着深厚儒学底蕴的儒家士大夫在这方面表现尤为突出。他不仅以“三代之治”来批判当时社会存在的弊端,还以“三代之治”来观照西方文明,并把西方文明纳入儒学的框架内来考量。郭嵩焘“回向三代”的理想诉求体现了他对儒家最高理想的深层追求,对中国传统文化的坚定信仰,也表明了他的思想趋于返本与开新之间。分析和总结郭嵩焘“回向三代”的理想诉求,给我们的重要启示是既需要处理好传统文化与现代化的关系,更需要实现传统文化向现代转换。
The third generation is the highest ideal society Confucianism pursues. It is regarded as the Golden Age in the eyes of the Confucian scholar-officials and the “back to three generations” to trace the spirit of the canon of Chinese culture and explore the true meaning of Confucianism. Guo Songtao, as a Confucian doctor with profound Confucianism, is particularly outstanding in this respect. He not only criticized the defects of social existence at that time by “the rule of the three generations”, but also considered western civilization with “the rule of the three generations” and incorporated Western civilization into the framework of Confucianism. Guo Songtao’s ideal appeal of “going back to the three generations” embodies his deep pursuit of the highest ideal of Confucianism, his firm belief in Chinese traditional culture, and the fact that his thinking tends to return to capital and start a new one. To analyze and summarize the ideal appeal of Guo Songtao and return to the three generations, the important enlightenment to us is that we need to deal with the relationship between traditional culture and modernization as well as the traditional transformation from traditional culture to modern one.