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目的分析张家港市幼托儿童手足口病的流行特征,制定流行趋势预警预测值,为采取针对性防控措施提供科学依据。方法对2010-2014年传染病报告信息管理系统报告的张家港市幼托儿童手足口病疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果张家港市2010-2014年共报告幼托儿童手足口病病例4 041例,年均发病率2.29%,其中重症病例28例,年均发病率15.87/10万;男女性别比为1.57∶1,重症病例男女性别比为2.5∶1;病原学方面EV71型肠道病毒、Co XA16型病毒和其他肠道病毒感染所占比例分别为38.81%、29.85%和31.34%;发病主要以3~4岁儿童为主,共2 714例,占发病总数的67.16%。重症病例也是3~4岁为主,共23例,占重症病例总数的82.14%;发病时间曲线有两个明显的高峰和低谷,报告发病数增减的趋势,与幼托儿童在校、放假的时间有明显的关联性。结论张家港市幼托儿童手足口病发病存在明显的时间和年龄分布特征,在常规防控措施的基础上,应加强幼托机构健康宣教的力度,培养幼托儿童良好的卫生习惯。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in children with preschool children in Zhangjiagang City and to make the predictive value of early-warning of epidemic trend so as to provide a scientific basis for taking targeted prevention and control measures. Methods Epidemiological analysis of epidemic situation of hand-foot-mouth disease in children with preschool child care in Zhangjiagang city from 2010-2014 in infectious disease reporting information management system was conducted. Results A total of 4 041 HFMD cases were reported from 2010 to 2014 in Zhangjiagang City, with an average annual incidence of 2.29%. Among them, 28 cases were severe and the annual average incidence was 15.87 / 100 000. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.57:1. The ratio of male to female in severe cases was 2.5: 1. The proportion of etiological EV71, Co XA16 and other enterovirus infections was 38.81%, 29.85% and 31.34% respectively. The incidence was mainly between 3 and 4 years A total of 2 714 cases were children, accounting for 67.16% of the total cases. Severe cases are also 3 to 4 years old, a total of 23 cases, accounting for 82.14% of the total number of severe cases; onset time curve has two obvious peaks and valleys, reporting the trend of increase or decrease in the incidence, and preschool children in school, holiday The time has obvious relevance. Conclusion The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in preschool children in Zhangjiagang City is obviously time-and-age distribution. On the basis of routine prevention and control measures, health education in preschool care institutions should be strengthened to develop good hygiene habits in preschool children.