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全球经贸体系正经历着一轮重大调整,各经济体实力对比的变化、全球价值链深化、经济全球化新问题是推动重塑的主要动因。发达经济体与新兴经济体是重塑的主要博弈力量,全球达成一致规则的难度倍增。发达经济体强调“公平”经贸理念,新兴经济体则在坚守“自由”经贸理念的同时,强调只能承担“共同但有区别”的国际责任。发展中经济体在多边平台上的地位有所提高,发达经济体转而侧重通过双边、诸边、区域平台维护其主导权。经贸规则“泛经贸化”的特征越来越明显,不仅限于边境措施,更包括边境后的国内经济体制机制。中国应将自身角色定位于建设性参与者,更加全面、主动地参与全球经贸体系重塑。
The global economic and trade system is undergoing a major round of adjustments. The changes in the strength of various economies, the deepening of the global value chain, and the new economic globalization are the main driving forces behind the reshaping. Developed economies and emerging economies are the major game forces to reshape and the difficulty of reaching a consensus in the world is doubled. The advanced economies emphasize the concept of “fair” economic and trade development. While emerging economies stick to the “free” economic and trade philosophy, they emphasize that they can only assume their “common but differentiated” international responsibility. The position of developing economies on the multilateral platform has been enhanced. Developed economies have instead focused on maintaining their dominance through bilateral, plurilateral and regional platforms. The trade and economic rules have become more and more obvious in their characteristics of “pan-economicization”, not only in the border measures but also in the domestic economic system and mechanisms after the border. China should position itself as a constructive participant and more fully and actively participate in the reshaping of the global economic and trade system.