明清易代之后,坚持不与新政权合作的遗民,人生道路发生重要改变。张履祥抛弃功名,在躬耕和处馆训蒙中坚守文人的理想。生活固然困厄,但却不是一以贯之的穷困潦倒、毫无生机。从日常基本生活到文人相关活动,甚至接济他人,都在困顿中一一实现。遗民生活的“穷困”标签,只是复杂历史事实的一个侧面,倘若仅以此来涵括这一群体生活的全景,恐太过简单、类型化,难以呈现他们完整的生存实态。 After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the people who insisted on not cooperating with the new regime changed their life paths significantly. Zhang Luxiang abandoned his fame, holding the ideals of literati in the field of archery and discipline. Although life is distressed, but it is not a consistent destitute, lifeless. From basic daily life to literati-related activities and even to others, they are all realized in the midst of hardship. The label of “poor people” in the life of the descendants is only one side of the complicated historical facts. If only the panoramic views of the life of this group are covered, it would be too simple and too categorical to present their complete living reality.