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高原红细胞增多症（HAPC）是高海拔地区或长期居住高海拔地区人群的常见病，严重影响患者的健康。缺氧是引起HAPC的根本原因，但其病理机制还不清楚。在高原低氧环境下，低氧诱导因子1通过与促红细胞生成素（ EPO）的启动子结合，提高 EPO－mRNA活性，致 EPO的分泌增加。增加的EPO对缺氧性红细胞增生具有重要作用。但在HAPC患者中EPO水平不总是和红细胞增生的数量相一致。其他可能性因素包括遗传适应性、对EPO的反应性、造血生长因子、转录因子及造血系统微环境的调控等。“,”High altitude polycythemia ( HAPC ) is a common disease for people residing in or visiting high altitude.It has a badly effect on the health of patients.High altitude hypobaric hypoxia is the primary cause of HAPC,but the pathogenesis is not clear yet.Under exposure to high altitude,hypoxia inducible fac-tor 1 increases erythropoietin(EPO) mRNA levels by binding the EPO promoter,resulting in increased EPO secretion.The prominent role of hypoxia-induced EPO increase in hypoxic erythrocytosis has been estab-lished.But erythropoietin level does not always correlate well with the amount of RBC production at high alti-tude,and other possible factors related to HAPC include genetic adaptartion,reactivity to EPO,regulation of hematopoietic factors,transcription factors and hematopoietic microenviroment etc.