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新的体操规则鼓励高难度与高质量的动作,尤其是成串动作。采用三维录像解析法采集比赛中男子自由体操直体后空翻转体1 080°接直体后空翻转体540°动作的运动学数据,然后用建模仿真的方法重现实际动作,综合分析落地时关键的运动学和动力学特征。结果发现,运动员成功完成了串连接动作,并落地站稳:第1次落地身体姿态角度比较理想,有助于快速制动以及2次起跳,膝髋关节肌群成为对抗落地冲击力的主体;此外,落地后身体仍在旋转,导致两侧下肢负荷存在较大差异,使得损伤风险较高;第2次落地,尽管身体姿态角偏低,不利于平稳落地,但运动员控制能力较强,通过较大的膝关节屈曲保持身体平衡,成功站稳。
The new rules of gymnastics encourage highly challenging and high-quality movements, especially in a string of movements. The kinematic data of 1 080 ° straight backspin swivel body and 540 ° back straight body swivel body of the male freestyle gymnasium were collected by three-dimensional video analytic method. Then, the actual movement was reproduced by modeling and simulation, Key kinematic and kinetic characteristics. The results showed that the athletes successfully completed the string connecting action and stood firm: the first landing posture was ideal, which was helpful for quick braking and two jumps. The knee joint and hip joint muscles became the main body against the impact of landing; In addition, the body is still rotating after landing, resulting in greater load on both sides of the lower limbs, making the risk of injury higher; the second landing, despite the body posture angle is low, is not conducive to a smooth landing, but athletes control ability through Larger knee flexion to maintain body balance and success.