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现代汉语中有些类词缀黏附在名词性成分NP后构成名词,其中隐含动词,在理解和释义中需要重建一个事件。本文基于生成词库理论,把这种现象归为一种事件强迫,给出统一的解释,从而解决了之前研究中一些尚存的问题。研究发现:1)能触发事件强迫的类词缀都是后置的,形式上表现为既能黏附在名词性成分NP后,也能黏附在动词性成分VP后,语义上与事件活动密切相关,包括指人、指物和指情状三类。其中前两类构成的多是施事名词,不能是受事名词,而且这些施事名词倾向于高度范畴化的恒常性名词、人造类名词。2)除了少数例外,隐含的动词基本上是名词性成分NP的目的角色或施成角色,具体选择哪种角色受类词缀语义的制约,也与NP的语义类有关。
In modern Chinese, some kinds of affixes adhere to the noun component NP to form nouns, which imply verbs, which need to be rebuilt in understanding and paraphrase. Based on the thesaurus theory, this article classifies this phenomenon as an event coercion and gives a unified explanation, thus solving some of the remaining problems in previous studies. The findings are as follows: 1) All kinds of affixes that can trigger event coercion are posterior, which are formally manifested in that they are not only adhered to the NP NP but also attached to the VP VP, which are semantically related to the event activity. Including people, refers to the object and refers to the situation of three categories. Among them, the first two categories constitute mostly acting terms, not subject matter, and these acting terms tend to be highly categorized constant nouns and artificial nouns. 2) With a few exceptions, the implied verb is essentially the intended or performing role of the nominal NP, and the specific choice of which character is constrained by the affix semantics is also related to the NP semantic class.