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目的研究骨膜下种植体在4种咬合力作用下的生物力学特征,为临床病例骨膜下种植体个性化设计提供基础。方法在下颌骨三维实体模型的基础上,分别建立网状基底骨膜下种植体(种植体1)和带状基底骨膜下种植体(种植体2)。研究在4种荷载作用下两种种植体的应力分布。结果种植体1在荷载Ⅳ作用下最大应力可达230.42 MPa,种植体2在荷载Ⅰ作用下最大应力可达311.11 MPa。网状基底种植体具有较好的抗垂直荷载能力,而带状基底种植体具有较好的抗斜向荷载能力。结论在种植体设计时可以通过合理布置基台个数和间距来有效控制种植体上的应力,同时应使基台与下颌牙槽嵴垂直,以保证斜向荷载水平分力不被放大。此外,还应保证基底对基台有足够的约束,避免因约束不足导致基台底部应力过大。在义齿制作过程中,应保证全口义齿做正中、前伸、侧方咬合时必须多点接触,使咬合处于平衡状态,达到减小接触面拉应力的目的。
Objective To study the biomechanical characteristics of subperiosteal implants under four kinds of occlusal forces and provide the basis for the personalized design of subperiosteal implants in clinical cases. Methods Based on the three-dimensional solid model of the mandible, subretinal meshes (implants 1) and tape-shaped subperiosteal implants (implants 2) were respectively established. The stress distribution of the two implants under four loadings was investigated. Results The maximal stress of implant 1 was 230.42 MPa under the action of loading IV. The maximum stress of implant 2 under loading I was 311.11 MPa. Reticular base implants have better anti-vertical load capacity, while strip-shaped base implants have better anti-oblique load capacity. Conclusions During implant design, the stress on the implant can be effectively controlled by reasonably arranging the number and spacing of the abutments. At the same time, the abutment and mandibular alveolar ridge should be perpendicular to ensure that the horizontal component of oblique load is not magnified. In addition, you should also ensure that the substrate has sufficient restraint on the abutment to avoid the stress on the underside of the abutment due to insufficient restraint. In the process of making dentures, full denture should be done in the middle, forward, lateral bite must be more contact, the bite in balance, to reduce the tensile stress of the contact surface purposes.