Delaying the onset of aging is considered an important tool for dealing with the global crisis of the aging population. Accordingly, several antiaging studies have been conducted using strategies of mod medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this review, we summarize the current state of antiaging research related to both mod medicine and TCM and provide suggestions for further research. Various theories related to the aging process have been proposed, including the free radical theory, mitochondrial DNA damage theory, telomere theory, cross-linking theory, and intestinal flora theory, and a number of antiaging chemical treatments have been developed using mod medicine. These theories and achievements have resulted in major advancements in antiaging research. TCM is based on practical experience and has a long history with unique advantages in antiaging research. Some antiaging practices such as moderate diet consumption, acupuncture, Tai Chi (a traditional Chinese martial art that can relax the nerves to slow down the aging process), and Wuqin Xi (a traditional Chinese exercise to strengthen the body) have been adopted to maintain health. Several TCMs and prescriptions, particularly those related to medicine food homology, have been used in antiaging treatment, and their antiaging properties have been demonstrated to be effective based on pharmacological experiments and clinical applications.