整个中世纪的西欧文化,包括文艺复兴初期在内,都是以基督教为题材、以基督教思想为背景的。中世纪西方文化的实质就是基督教文化,基督教渗透到西方社会文化生活的每一个层面,各个阶层的生活都毫无例外地被打上了基督救的烙印,哲学成了宗教神学的婢女,文学成为基督教教义的衍生物,艺术成为基督教神灵的装饰物。因此,中世纪西方文化表现出以下特征:第一,基督教处于万流归宗的精神主宰地位。在中世纪 Throughout the Middle Ages, Western European culture, including the early Renaissance, was based on Christianity and Christianity. The essence of medieval Western culture is Christian culture. Christianity infiltrates into every aspect of Western cultural life. The lives of all walks of life are all marked with the mark of Christian salvation without exception. Philosophy becomes the niece of religious theology and literature becomes the Christian doctrine. Derivatives, art becomes the ornament of Christian gods. Therefore, the medieval Western culture shows the following characteristics: First, Christianity is in a dominating position of universal humanity. In the Middle Ages