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西方发达国家在城市发展过程中出现过“商业区塌陷”这一现象,即随着城市规模不断扩张,大城市的老城区不断出现衰败现象,如商业中心衰落、人口构成偏老龄化、投资减少等。对此,美国从上世纪90年代开始率先在城市治理上创新,采用城市更新与商业复兴相结合的思路,通过PPP模式,吸引了新的私人投资,让老商业中心重获新生。这一类区域被称为“商业改进区”(The Business ImprovementDistrict)。随后很多发达国家纷纷引入“商业改进区”这一形式,并与本国国情结合探索衰落商业区的复兴途径,取得了很好的实践效果。中国在当前和未来很长一段时间内都将处于城市化进程中,目前北京、上海、广州等大城市已开始出现富人从城市中心向郊区迁移的趋势;同时,一些城市也开始出现放弃老城区改造而另建新城区,这进一步加剧了老城区“商业空心化”现象。美国“商业改进区”的城市建设的实践和经验,可以为中国应对者城区商业空心化提供一些可资借鉴的经验。本刊特邀国际知名的城市规划专家、美国乔治城大学城市和区域规划专业系主任乌韦·布兰德斯教授撰文,介绍美国商业改进区是如何让老城区重新焕发商业和文化活力的。作者本人及其所在大学曾参与了美国一些商业改进区的规划与实践。
Western developed countries have experienced the phenomenon of “collapse of commercial area” in the process of urban development. That is, with the continuous expansion of urban area, the declining phenomenon of the metropolitan area continues to appear. For example, the decline of the commercial center, partial aging of the population, Reduce investment and so on. In response, the United States has taken the lead in innovating urban governance since the 1990s and adopted a combination of urban renewal and commercial rejuvenation. Through the PPP model, the United States has attracted new private investment and renewed its old business center. This type of area is called “The Business Improvement District.” Subsequently, many developed countries introduced the form of “commercial improvement zone” one after another, and combined with their own national conditions to explore the path of revival of the decline of the commercial district, and achieved good practical results. At present, China will be in the process of urbanization for a long time now and in the future. At present, big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have started to migrate from the urban center to the suburbs. At the same time, some cities have begun to abandon the old Urban renewal and the construction of another new city, which further exacerbated the old city “commercial emptiness ” phenomenon. The practice and experience of urban construction in the United States “Commercial Improvement Zone ” can provide some experiences to be learned from the commercial hollowing out of China’s city counterparts. The magazine invited renowned international urban planning expert George Town University Urban and Regional Planning Department Professor Uwe Brandes wrote an article on how the US Business Improvement District is to rejuvenate the old city commercial and cultural vitality. The author and his university have participated in the planning and practice of some U.S. commercial improvement zones.