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目的探讨空气颗粒物PM2.5和女性急性心肌梗死(AMI)病发的相关性。方法连续收集2011-2013年就诊于吉林大学中日联谊医院的急性心肌梗死患者,均记录血常规、凝血常规、肝功以及血脂等相关信息。同期吉林地区的空气污染指数来源于我国环境保护部发表的数据。结果比较男女患者的生理指标发现血小板、血红蛋白以及白蛋白指数有很大差异。根据我国环境保护部发表的数据,在所有统计天数中仅6 d空气中主要污染物为二氧化硫,其余均为颗粒物污染。试验发现颗粒物污染指数与AMI急诊人群的病发年龄呈负相关,即颗粒物污染越严重心肌梗死的病发年龄越低(OR=0.06;95%CI:0.009~0.44;P=0.005),而且此相关性在女性中极为显著(OR=0.02;95%CI:0.001~0.25;P=0.003)。证明了颗粒物污染指数对AMI病发年龄的影响具有即时性,同时亦有性别差异。结论研究结果表明空气颗粒物PM2.5和女性急性心肌梗死病发的相关性。
Objective To investigate the correlation between airborne PM2.5 and female acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods The patients with acute myocardial infarction who visited the Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital of Jilin University from 2011 to 2013 were collected continuously, and the related information such as blood routine, blood coagulation, liver function and blood lipids were recorded. Over the same period, the air pollution index in Jilin comes from the data released by China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection. Results Compared with the physiological indexes of male and female patients, the indexes of platelets, hemoglobin and albumin were quite different. According to the data released by China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection, the main pollutant in the air is sulfur dioxide in only 6 days of all statistical days, and the rest are particulate matter pollution. The results showed that the index of particle pollution was negatively correlated with the onset age of AMI emergency population, ie, the more severe the particulate pollution was, the lower the incidence of myocardial infarction (OR = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.009-0.44; P = 0.005) Correlation was extremely significant in women (OR = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.001-0.25; P = 0.003). It is proved that the impact of particle pollution index on the age of onset of AMI is immediate and also has gender differences. Conclusions The results of the study indicate the association of PM2.5 airborne particles with the onset of acute MI in women.