一、前言日本一直把提高货车运行安全性,特别是防止货车脱轨问题,作为主要重点研究课题。日本国铁制定了一个大规模的实施计划。近二十年来,进行了大量的试验研究工作,涉及到车辆、轨道、运转及装载等各个方面,并以鹤见事故技术调查委员会为中心,制定了一整套防止车辆脱轨的安全标准,同时,以狩胜实验线为基地,就各种货车进行了试验,在提高货车运行安全性方面取得了显著效果。1972年以来,二轴货车脱轨事故大幅度减少,但转向架式货车脱轨问题尚无多大改善。因此,最近日本对货车运行安全性的研究重点已转向转向架式货车。本文将着重介绍近年来日本在这方面进行的模型 I. Preface Japan has always regarded improving the safety of truck operations, in particular, the issue of preventing the derailment of trucks, as its main focus of research. Japan’s National Railways developed a large-scale implementation plan. In the past two decades, a great deal of experimental research has been carried out on various aspects of vehicles, orbits, operation and loading, and a set of safety standards for preventing derailment of vehicles has been formulated with the Tsurumi accident technical investigation committee as the center. At the same time, Based on the test line of Shengsheng, various trucks have been tested and remarkable results have been achieved in improving the running safety of trucks. Since 1972, two-axle truck derailment accidents have been greatly reduced, but the problem of derailment of truck has not been much improved yet. Therefore, the focus of Japan’s recent study on truck operation safety has shifted to bogies. This article will highlight Japan’s model in this area in recent years