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[目的]观察人群夏季常见疾病与使用空调的关系及其人群分布。[方法]采用流行病学调查的方法,根据夏季人群空调使用情况,将观察人群分为4个人群组,1组:在工作场所和家中均使用空调组;2组:在工作场所使用,家中不使用空调组;3组:在工作场所不使用,家中使用空调组;4组:在工作场所和家中均不使用空调组。[结果]使用空调的3个人群组(1组、2组和3组)各自的夏季“伤风(咳嗽、流鼻涕)”发生率显著高于对照组(4组)人群。工作地点有空调的2个人群组(1组和2组)“感冒(发烧)”的发生率和“工作场所和家中均使用空调”组人群“皮肤过敏”的发生率均显著高于对照组。Logistic回归分析发现:在“工作场所和家中均使用空调”的因素是所调查人群夏季患“伤风(咳嗽、流鼻涕)”、“过敏性鼻炎”、“皮肤过敏”和“感冒(发烧)”4种疾病症状的发病危险因素之一。在“工作地使用空调,家里不使用空调”因素同时也是人群患“感冒(发烧)”疾病的危险因素之一。[结论]“工作地和家中使用空调”、“办公室空气清新程度”和“从事不喜欢的工作”3个因素,各有3项人群夏季常见疾病与之有显著关联关系。
[Objective] To observe the relationship between summer common diseases and the use of air conditioners and their population distribution. [Methods] The method of epidemiological survey was used to divide the observation population into 4 groups according to the usage of air conditioners in summer. Group 1: air conditioning group was used in the workplace and at home; group 2: in the workplace, at home Air-conditioning units are not used; 3-groups: not used in the workplace, home-use air-conditioning units; and 4: air-conditioning units are not used in the workplace and at home. [Results] The incidence of summer “cold (cough, runny nose)” was significantly higher in the three groups (groups 1, 2 and 3) using air conditioners than in the control group (group 4). The incidence of “cold (fever)” in 2 groups with air conditioners (group 1 and group 2) and “skin allergies” in group “Air-conditioning in the workplace and at home” were significantly higher than those in the control group . Logistic regression analysis found that the factors of “using air conditioners in the workplace and in the home” were the summers of “cold (cough, runny nose)”, “allergic rhinitis”, “allergic skin” and “cold One of the four disease risk factors. One of the risk factors for the ”cold (fever)“ disease in the population is also the ”use of air conditioners at work, not using air conditioners at home“. [Conclusion] There are three factors of common diseases in summer in each of the three groups, including ”air condition at work and at home“, ”fresh air of office“ and ”doing unlucky work".