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波兰是世界主要产煤国家之一,硬煤产量届世界第四位,采煤技术已步入世界先进行列。波兰的硬煤全部采用井工方式开采,只有褐煤是用露天方式开采。波兰硬煤煤层的主要特点是: (1)开采深度大。离地表300～1200m,目前平均开采深度600m,每年延深约10m; (2)瓦斯、冲击地压及透水危险性大。此外,还有40％的煤炭需从城市和工业建筑物下采出。
Poland is one of the major coal-producing countries in the world, and its output of hard coal is the fourth in the world. Coal mining technology has entered the advanced ranks in the world. All of Poland’s hard coal is mined in the form of underground work, except that lignite is mined in the open air. The main features of the Polish hard coal seam are: (1) large extraction depth. 300 ~ 1200m above the surface of the earth. At present, the average mining depth is 600m, with a depth of about 10m each year. (2) Gas, rock burst and water seepage are dangerous. In addition, 40% of coal needs to be taken from urban and industrial buildings.