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当代西方科学文化研究大致可分为“后现代”、“现代”和“前现代”三大模式。“后现代”模式致力于消解科学在形而上与形而下层面的文化权威与宏大叙事,为多元文化的自由发展创造了条件,但也陷入了相对主义和虚无主义的困境;“现代”模式通过凸显科学在形而下层面的实证性和功利性来捍卫科学的合法性,但它蕴含的科学主义不仅忽视科学的形而上之魂,又在某种意义上加剧了科学的文化霸权;“前现代”模式揭示了形而上的文化传统对科学的重要性,但又相对忽视了科学的形而下层面。中国的科学文化研究不应简单沿袭西方科学文化研究的路向,而应在深入研究上述三大模式的基础上,大胆突破并超越原有的理论框架,形成新的研究模式。新的研究模式的核心理念是,既要维护科学的自由与崇高的形而上之魂,又要强化科学的逻辑与实证的形而下之体,并强调二者的有机统一。
Contemporary Western science and culture can be roughly divided into three major models: “postmodernism”, “modernism” and “pre-modernism.” “Postmodern ” model is devoted to digesting the cultural authority and grand narrative of science in metaphysics and metaphysics, creating the conditions for the free development of multiculturalism, but also falling into the predicament of relativism and nihilism; “Modern The model defends the legitimacy of science by highlighting its positivism and utility at the metaphysical level. However, the scientific doctrine it contains not only ignores the metaphysical spirit of science but also aggravates the scientific cultural hegemony in a certain sense. Modern ”mode reveals the importance of metaphysical cultural tradition to science, but relatively neglects the metaphysical level of science. The study of science and culture in China should not simply follow the direction of western scientific and cultural studies. On the basis of deeply studying the above three models, we should boldly break through and surpass the original theoretical framework to form a new research model. The core idea of the new research model is that it not only maintains the freedom of science and the lofty metaphysics soul, but also strengthens the physical and logical form of science and evidence and emphasizes the organic unity of the two.