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通过对我国大型水库蓄水的时空特征进行深入分析,统计得到近60年来大型水库蓄水累积的库容量已达到697km3,占全国所有水库库容量的83.3%及全球库容量的6.5%;而2000年以来的大型水库数量及蓄水量的变化有明显的加速,库容量的变化率为16.7km3/a,远高于1950年到2000年的4.9km3/a的增长率;同时借助卫星重力(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment,GRACE)观测手段,对2000年以后主要分布在长江流域以南地区的水库进行水储量估算,结果显示GRACE仅能估算得到63%的水库变化量,两者之间的差异可能反映了该地区地下水的长期变化.结合大型水库的分布位置与库容量,基于海平面变化方程计算得到了中国近海相对海平面的空间变化.水库蓄水导致的渤海与东南沿海海域的相对海平面上升明显,最大上升高度约为8mm;而2000年以后的水库对海平面的影响主要集中在东南沿海,其中南海海域较为突出,上升高度约为2~3mm,在此期间蓄水造成的近海不同验潮站位置的海平面增长速度在0.02~0.11mm/a之间变化.
Through the deep analysis of the spatio-temporal characteristics of the large reservoirs in China, the accumulative storage capacity of large-scale reservoirs has been 697 km3 in recent 60 years, accounting for 83.3% of the total reservoirs in the country and 6.5% of the global reservoir capacity. The change of the number of large reservoirs and water storage has accelerated obviously. The rate of change of reservoir capacity is 16.7km3 / a, far higher than the 4.9km3 / a growth rate from 1950 to 2000. At the same time, with the help of satellite gravity Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), we estimate the water reserves of reservoirs mainly distributed in the area to the south of the Yangtze River valley after 2000. The results show that GRACE can only estimate 63% of the reservoir changes, and the difference between the two Which may reflect the long-term change of groundwater in the area.Combining with the distribution and reservoir capacity of large reservoirs, the spatial variation of relative sea level in offshore China is calculated based on the sea level change equation.The relative sea level between the Bohai Sea and the southeastern coastal areas Plane rise significantly, the maximum rise height of about 8mm; and after 2000, the impact of reservoirs on the sea level mainly in the southeast coast, of which the South China Sea is more The height of the tidal station is about 2 ~ 3mm. During this period, the sea level growth rate of different tide gauge stations near the sea due to water storage varies from 0.02 to 0.11mm / a.