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在英国当代女作家拜厄特创作的第二部“新维多利亚小说”《天使与昆虫》的《尤金尼亚蝴蝶》篇中,青年科学家威廉·亚当森与他岳父、国教牧师哈罗德之间的观念冲突与思想论争是小说情节发展的张力所在。本文认为,《尤金尼亚蝴蝶》并非旨在表现以威廉为代表的科学新思想如何战胜哈罗德爵士所体现的自然神学旧观念,抑或某些论者所断言的科学话语对宗教话语的胜利。拜厄特的重构既反映了自然神论人格化思维模式及神学循环论证的症结所在,又在一定程度上揭示出“本能即命运”的达尔文式生物决定论的偏颇和局限,还原了研究主体作为具体的人所特有的情感意志和历史、文化价值取向,从而为维多利亚小说中科学与宗教冲突的主题赋予了新的意义。
In the second issue of The New Victorian Novel by Angel Byrt, the “Eugeneian Butterfly” by British contemporary writer Byet, William Adamson, a young scientist, and his father-in-law, The conflict of ideas and ideological debates between Germany and Germany are the tension of plot development. This paper argues that “Eugenian Butterflies” is not intended to show how the new scientific ideas represented by William overcame the old concepts of natural theology embodied by Sir Harold, or the scientific discourse asserted by some commentators on religious discourse victory. Byatt’s reconstruction reflects both the crux of the depersonalization of deism and theological demonstration of theological demarcation and to some extent reveals the biases and limitations of the Darwinian biological determinism of “instinct or fate.” As a specific person’s unique emotional will and historical and cultural value orientation, the research subject gives new meaning to the subject of the conflict between science and religion in Victorian novels.