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目的了解河南省初中生吸烟现状,为相关部门制定青少年控烟措施提供参考。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在河南省城乡16个监测点抽取共48所初中学校7 789名学生。结果河南省青少年尝试吸烟率为23.8%,随年龄增长而升高(χ2=69.296,P<0.01),男生(37.8%)高于女生(8.7%)(χ2=99.078,P<0.01),农村(24.8%)高于城市(18.6%)(χ2=5.863,P=0.016);现在吸烟率为7.5%,随年龄升高而升高(χ2=29.403,P<0.01),男生(13.3%)高于女生(11.2%)(χ2=89.912,P<0.01),农村(8.0%)高于城市(14.7%)(χ2=5.137,P=0.023)。初中生家中、室内公共场所和室外公共场所二手烟暴露率分别43.0%,56.9%和57.0%,均为男生高于女生(χ2值分别为17.296,70.136,47.682,P值均<0.01)。88.5%的现在吸烟者未因年龄小买烟被拒绝,男生(90.0%)高于女生(57.5%)(χ2=5.980,P=0.015)。过去30 d里39.9%的学生在烟草销售点看到过烟草广告,且仅有29.6%的学生认为一旦吸烟就很难戒断。结论河南省青少年尝试吸烟率和现在吸烟率较高,二手烟暴露严重,烟草获得途经容易,烟草广告暴露率高,应尽早开展积极有效的控烟干预措施。
Objective To understand the status quo of smoking among junior high school students in Henan Province and provide references for the relevant departments to formulate tobacco control measures for adolescents. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to collect a total of 7 789 students from 48 junior middle schools at 16 monitoring points in urban and rural areas of Henan Province. Results The prevalence of smoking among adolescents in Henan Province was 23.8%, which increased with age (χ2 = 69.296, P <0.01). The prevalence of smoking was higher in boys than in girls (8.7%) (χ2 = 99.078, (Χ2 = 5.863, P = 0.016). The current smoking rate was 7.5% and increased with age (χ2 = 29.403, P <0.01) Higher than girls (11.2%) (χ2 = 89.912, P <0.01) and rural areas (8.0%) higher than cities (14.7%) (χ2 = 5.137, P = 0.023). The exposure rate of secondhand smoke in junior middle school students, indoor public places and outdoor public places were 43.0%, 56.9% and 57.0%, respectively, which were higher for boys than for girls (χ2 = 17.296,70.136,47.682, P <0.01 respectively). 88.5% of current smokers were not denied smoking because of their age, and boys (90.0%) were higher than girls (57.5%) (χ2 = 5.980, P = 0.015). 39.9% of students in the past 30 days saw tobacco advertisements at tobacco outlets, and only 29.6% of students thought it was hard to quit once they smoked. Conclusion Adolescents in Henan Province have a higher prevalence of smoking and current smokers, severe exposure to second-hand smoke, easier access to tobacco and higher exposure to tobacco advertisements. Active and effective tobacco control interventions should be implemented as early as possible.