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相对于传统金属材料,碳纤维复合材料对雷电更加敏感,雷电损伤更为严重,必须通过雷电防护试验验证其雷电防护能力。因此根据标准开展试验,试验后通过无损探伤检测得到损伤数据,并建立了碳纤维复合材料雷电损伤预测参数模型。然后依据该模型进一步分析了雷电环境参量对碳纤维复合材料特性的影响,得出相应的损伤特性曲线。最后通过模型对比分析了火焰喷涂铝防护方式和表面铺设铝网防护方式下碳纤维复合材料的雷电击穿特性。结果表明:损伤深度由作用积分和电荷量共同作用,最大损伤深度随着作用积分和电荷量的增大单调递增。当电荷量保持不变取150C,试验件击穿时前者的作用积分击穿阈值为1.801×10~6A~2s,大于后者的阈值1.0×10~6A~2s;当作用积分保持不变取1.5×10~6A~2s,试验件击穿时前者的电荷量击穿阈值为289.87 C,大于后者的阈值97.50 C。因此可知相同条件下,前者的防护效果更优。
Compared with the traditional metal materials, carbon fiber composites are more sensitive to lightning, lightning damage is more serious, must be verified by lightning protection test lightning protection. Therefore, the test was carried out according to the standard. After the test, the damage data were obtained by non-destructive flaw detection and the prediction model of the lightning damage of the carbon fiber composite material was established. Then based on the model, the influence of lightning environmental parameters on the properties of carbon fiber composites was further analyzed, and the corresponding damage characteristic curves were obtained. Finally, through the model, the lightning protection characteristics of flame spraying aluminum and the lightning breakdown characteristics of carbon fiber composites under surface-laid aluminum mesh are compared and analyzed. The results show that the depth of damage is caused by the action integral and the amount of charge, and the maximum damage depth increases monotonically with the increase of action integral and charge. When the amount of charge remains unchanged at 150 ° C, the breakdown threshold of the former is 1.801 × 10-6A ~ 2s, which is larger than the latter’s 1.0 × 10-6A ~ 2s when the test piece breaks down. When the integral of action remains the same 1.5 × 10 ~ 6A ~ 2s, the breakdown of the former when the breakdown charge of the former threshold of 289.87C, greater than the latter threshold of 97.50 C. So we can see the same conditions, the former protective effect is better.