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土星运载火箭低温燃料贮箱的设计与研制已经达到了相当先进的水平。美国航宇局/道格拉斯公司用2014-T6铝合金制造的土星贮箱的许多结构特征是由早期的雷神导弹发展来的,雷神导弹后来作为运载火箭广泛地用来向地球轨道运送宇宙飞行器。在有关设计方案,材料选择,加工技术和制造方法等一些重要因素之间有一种相互依赖关系。若要设计和研制一种成功的火箭,必须考虑这种关系。本文介绍了火箭结构组成,绝热形式和制造方法。很显然,材料选择的标准由材料强度,塑性,可焊性,韧性,加工性,低温特性以及制造方法和检验技术决定。
Saturn launch vehicle cryogenic fuel tank design and development has reached a very advanced level. Many of the structural features of NASA / Douglas’ Saturn tanks built with 2014-T6 aluminum alloy were developed by the early Thor-Ray missiles, which were later widely used as launch vehicles to orbit space vehicles. There is an interdependence between some important factors such as design options, material selection, processing techniques and manufacturing methods. To design and develop a successful rocket, we must consider this relationship. This article describes the rocket structure, thermal insulation forms and manufacturing methods. It is clear that the material selection criteria are dictated by material strength, ductility, weldability, toughness, workability, low temperature properties, and manufacturing methods and inspection techniques.