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目的分析疫情的流行病学特征,探讨发病危险因素,提出预防控制风疹疫情的措施。方法 2013年4月对病例进行个案调查,采用描述性流行病学方法对病例进行分析;对罹患率最高的两个班级学生进行问卷调查,采用回顾性队列研究方法进行危险因素分析。结果本次暴发罹患率为2.10%,临床症状以皮疹为主,平均年龄16岁,男女罹患率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),发病班级之间罹患率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);初三(4)班和初三(2)班未及时隔离,罹患率为68.75%和4/5,回顾性队列研究表明:接触风疹病人是危险因素(RR=3.24,95%CI=1.28～8.18);学生不良的洗手习惯与发病有关。结论本次疫情为风疹暴发,接触风疹病人和不良洗手习惯是疫情的危险因素。提示加强学生良好卫生习惯的培养,是预防疫情暴发的重要措施,同时建议校方及时发现和隔离病例。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic situation, explore the risk factors and put forward measures to prevent and control the epidemic of rubella. Methods A case-by-case survey was conducted in April 2013, and the cases were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Questionnaires were conducted on the two classes with the highest prevalence and risk factors by retrospective cohort study. Results The incidence of this outbreak was 2.10%. The main clinical symptom was rash, with an average age of 16 years. There was no significant difference in the attack rate between men and women (P> 0.05). There was significant difference in the attack rates among the onset classes (P < 0.01). The third and fourth trimester classes were not isolated in time and the attack rates were 68.75% and 4/5 respectively. A retrospective cohort study showed that exposure to rubella patients was a risk factor (RR = 3.24, 95% CI = 1.28 ~ 8.18); Poor students’ habits of hand washing are related to the incidence. Conclusion The outbreak was an outbreak of rubella. The contact with rubella patients and poor hand-washing habits were the risk factors of the outbreak. Prompted to strengthen the students to develop good health habits, is an important measure to prevent outbreaks, and recommended that the school promptly detect and isolate cases.