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为了研究单本密植机插和常规机插对杂交稻分蘖动态、干物质积累、辐射利用率和产量及产量构成的影响,在湖南省浏阳市以杂交稻泰优390、五优308为材料和在广东省肇庆市以五优308为材料,进行印刷播种和常规播种的秧苗素质比较以及单本密植机插和常规机插的大田栽培试验。结果表明,两试验点印刷播种的叶龄、白根数、总根数、茎基宽、地上部干重和地下部干重均明显高于常规播种。单本密植机插的最高分蘖数和有效分蘖数显著低于常规机插,但单本密植机插的每穗粒数、总颖花数、结实率和千粒重高于常规机插,增产10.28%~13.96%,达到显著水平。从穗部性状来看,单本密植机插的一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、穗长、着粒密度和单穗重均显著高于常规机插。在生长前期,单本密植机插的干物质积累和叶面积指数低于常规机插,而成熟期干物质量比常规机插高0.61%~9.45%,且收获指数显著高于常规机插。此外,单本密植机插的截获辐射量和截获率低于常规机插,而辐射利用率显著高于常规机插。由此可见,杂交稻单本密植机插不仅可以降低用种量、提高秧苗素质,还能增加每穗粒数、总颖花数、千粒重及提高结实率、收获指数和辐射利用率,从而获得高产。
In order to study the tillering dynamics, dry matter accumulation, radiation utilization rate, yield and yield components of hybrid rice under the conditions of single-density planting and conventional planting, hybrid rice Tianyou 390 and Wuyou 308 In Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province to Wuyou 308 as the material, compared with the quality of printed sowing and conventional sowing seedlings and single-planting machines and conventional machine-inserted field cultivation experiments. The results showed that leaf age, white root number, total root number, stem base width, aboveground dry weight and underground dry weight of the two experimental sites were all significantly higher than that of conventional sowing. The maximum number of tillers and effective number of tillers of single-density planting was significantly lower than that of conventional ones, but the number of spikes per panicle, the total number of spikes, the seed setting rate and the 1000-grain weight of single-density planting were higher than those of conventional machines, ~ 13.96%, reaching a significant level. From the panicle traits, the number of primary branches, secondary branches, spike length, grain density and single spike weight of single-dense planting machines were significantly higher than those of conventional machines. In the early stage of growth, the dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of single-densely-placed plants were lower than that of conventional ones, while the dry matter of mature plants was 0.61% -9.45% higher than that of conventional ones. The harvest index was significantly higher than that of conventional ones. In addition, the intercepted radiation and intercepting rate of single-density machine is lower than that of conventional machine, and radiation utilization rate is significantly higher than that of conventional machine. Thus, the hybrid rice single close planting machine not only can reduce the amount of use, improve seedling quality, but also increase the number of grains per spike, the total number of spikes, 1000-grain weight and improve the seed setting rate, harvest index and radiation utilization rate to obtain high yield.