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Although the hydraulic transients in pipe systems are usually simulated by using a one-dimensional (l-D) approach,local three-dimensional (3-D) simulations are necessary because of obvious 3-D flow features in some local regions of the hydropower systems.This paper combines the 1-D method with a 3-D fluid flow model to simulate the Multi-Dimensional (MD) hydraulic transients in hydropower systems and proposes two methods for modeling the compressible watcr with the correct wave speed,and two strategies for efficiently coupling the 1-D and 3-D computational domains.The methods are validated by simulating the water hammer waves and the oscillations of the water level in a surge tank,and comparing the results with the 1 -D solution data.An MD study is conducted for the transient flows in a realistic water conveying system that consists of a draft tube,a tailrace surge tank and a tailrace tunnel.It is shown that the 1-D-3-D coupling approach is an efficient and promising way to simulate the hydraulic transients in the hydropower systems in which the interactions between 1-D hydraulic fluctuations of the pipeline systems and the local 3-D flow patts should be considered.