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利用瓯江河口沿程4个长期潮位站的监测数据,结合潮流数学模型,计算分析1960~2014年各站年均高、低潮位,年均涨落潮历时特征值,得出瓯江河口近54 a来潮汐特征变化过程,分析相关影响因素,探讨河口潮汐特征变化原因。结果表明:瓯江河口下游的龙湾站多年来潮汐特征尚无明显趋势性变化;河口中上游的温州、梅岙和花岩头站趋势性变化明显且变化规律基本一致,整体表现为高潮位上升、低潮位下降、潮差增大,涨潮历时延长、落潮历时缩短的特征,时空格局上,上游站位潮汐特征变幅大于下游站位,低潮位变幅大于高潮位变幅。原因分析表明,流域来水对河口潮汐特征的影响不明显;堤线调整和围垦工程等人类活动主要引起工程局部河段潮位变化;河口高强度的采砂活动应是温州、梅岙、花岩头站潮汐特征变化的主因。瓯江河口不同河段因受径流、潮流、人类活动等因素的影响程度不同,其潮位特征沿程的变化特点也不同,需要在河口工程设计、防洪减灾与河口治理等方面予以关注。
Based on the monitoring data of 4 long-term tidal stations along the Oujiang estuary and the tidal current mathematical model, the characteristics of annual average high and low tide levels and the mean annual ebb and flow of the stations from 1960 to 2014 are calculated and analyzed. 54 a tidal characteristics of the process of change, analysis of related factors, to explore the reasons for tidal characteristics of estuary changes. The results show that the tidal characteristics of Longwan Station downstream of Oujiang River estuary have not obvious trend change in recent years. The trend of Wenzhou, Meijie and Huayantou stations in the upper reaches of the estuary obviously changes with the same trend, , Low tide level, tidal range increase, extension of tide lasted for a long time and ebb tide lasted for a long time. On the temporal and spatial patterns, the amplitude of tidal characteristics of upstream stations is larger than that of downstream stations, and the amplitude of low tide amplitude is larger than the amplitude of high tide level. The analysis of the reasons shows that there is no obvious influence on the tidal characteristics of the river mouth due to the incoming water from the river basin. The human activities such as the adjustment of the embankment and the reclamation project mainly cause the changes of the tide level in the local river sections. The high-intensity sand mining in estuaries should be carried out in Wenzhou, The Main Causes of Tidal Characteristics Change in Head Station. Due to different influences of runoff, tidal current and human activities, the different sections along the Oujiang estuary also have different characteristics along the tidal range. Therefore, attention should be paid to the estuary engineering design, flood control and disaster mitigation and estuary governance.