本文认为，市场经济不能脱离社会制度。社会主义市场经济是和社会主义基本制度结合在一起的，其基本标志就是以公有制为主体。坚持以公有制为主体，具有两方面的意义：一是对社会主义必须实行单一公有制模式的否定；二是表明在中国不能搞私有化。以公有制为主体、多种经济成分共同发展这样一种格局，应当长期稳定下去。公有制的实现形式是指资产的经营方式或组织形式。股份制是现代企业的一种组织形式。不能把对国有企业的股份制改造和私有化等同起来。股份制不是企业改革的唯一形式。股份制要发挥优势，还需要有好的外部环境以及自身管理水平的提高 This article argues that the market economy can not be separated from the social system. The socialist market economy is integrated with the basic socialist system. Its basic symbol is public ownership. Adherence to public ownership as the main body has two meanings: First, it must be denied that socialism must implement a single public ownership model; second, it shows that privatization can not be pursued in China. With public ownership as the mainstay, a pattern of common development of various economic sectors should be stabilized in the long run. The realization of public ownership refers to the mode of operation or organization of assets. Joint-stock system is an organizational form of modern enterprise. The joint-stock reform and privatization of state-owned enterprises can not be equated. Joint-stock system is not the only form of enterprise reform. Joint-stock system to play an advantage, but also need a good external environment and improve their own management level