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1.前言化替化石燃料的未来的能源形式—氢能源系统已引起注意。氢是从水制取的,经燃烧后又变成了水。所以,氢是理想而清洁的能源。但是,存在着贮藏与运输等问题。以前,氢的贮藏和运输,有高压气体法与液态氢法。高压气体法需要气瓶之类的重型容器,这是该法的缺点;贮藏液态氢是非常有效的手段,但液化时需要大量的能量,作为一般燃料使用时,安全上也存在着问题。针对这些存在问题,作为新的方法,现在最有希望的方法是氢的固化法,也就是利用氢能与某种金属或合金形成氢化物的特性而使氢固化。表1示出各种金属氢化物的氢密度和氢含量;表2比较了贮藏7立方米氢所需材料的重量与容积。
1. Introduction The future of energy sources for fossil fuels - the hydrogen energy system has drawn attention. Hydrogen is taken from the water, after burning and turned into water. Therefore, hydrogen is the ideal and clean energy. However, there are problems with storage and transportation. Previously, hydrogen storage and transportation, high pressure gas method and liquid hydrogen method. The high-pressure gas method requires heavy containers such as gas cylinders, which is a disadvantage of the method; liquid hydrogen storage is a very effective means, but a large amount of energy is required for liquefaction and there are problems in safety when used as a general fuel. In response to these problems, as the new method, the most promising method nowadays is the hydrogen curing method, that is, curing the hydrogen by utilizing the property of hydrogen to form hydride with a certain metal or alloy. Table 1 shows the hydrogen density and hydrogen content of various metal hydrides; Table 2 compares the weight and volume of materials required to store 7 cubic meters of hydrogen.