目的运用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾四级杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS)技术对中药青叶胆Swertia mileensis的主要化学成分进行定性分析。方法采用ACQUITY HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm),用0.1%甲酸乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,体积流量为0.4 m L/min,质谱使用ESI离子源,正负离子模式下采集数据,运用Masslynx4.1软件并结合Sci Finder数据库、獐牙菜属相关文献以及对照品信息进行数据分析。结果从青叶胆中鉴定出化学成分28个,包括7个环烯醚萜类、14个酮类、3个黄酮类、2个三萜类以及2个酚类。其中断马钱子苷半缩醛内酯、8-O-β-D-吡喃木糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-1,7-二羟基-3-甲氧基酮、3-氧去甲双酮苷和sweriyunnanlactone A为首次从该植物中发现。结论 UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS技术能够快速准确地鉴定青叶胆中的化学成分,为其质量控制和药效物质基础研究提供一种新的研究策略。 OBJECTIVE: To characterize the chemical constituents of Swertia mileensis by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Methods The ACQUITY HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) was used for gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase. The volume flow rate was 0.4 m L / min. The ESI ion source , Positive and negative ion mode collected data, the use of Masslynx4.1 software and combined Sci Finder database, Swertia related literature and reference data for data analysis. Results A total of 28 chemical constituents were identified from A. sinensis, including 7 iridoids, 14 ketones, 3 flavones, 2 triterpenoids and 2 phenols. Which interrupts strychnine hepalactone, 8-O-β-D-xylopyranose (1 → 6) -β-D-glucopyranosyl-1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy Ketone, 3-O desmethylidendone and sweriyunnanlactone A were first found from this plant. Conclusion The UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS technique can rapidly and accurately identify the chemical constituents in A. officinalis and provide a new research strategy for its quality control and pharmacodynamics.