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(三)法国 1.对港口的法律调整 1789年以前,法国的港口是由港口所在地或省当局管理的,1789年正值拿破伦时期,出于革命和军事的需要,将港口收归国家管理,这一体制一直持续到1898年。 1898年的一项法律规定了商会建设和经营港口设施的特许制度,而1920年的一项法律授权商会和地方当局对船、货收取费用。 1920年的另一项法律规定,由国家的公共事业部对非自治港进行管理,港口的基础设施由国家负责建设和维护,商会可以参与。自治港则成为公共社团法人,拥有财务自主权,并可以得到国家在港口基础设施的建设和维护方面的资金帮助。
(III) France 1. Legal Regulation of the Ports Prior to 1789, France’s ports were administered by the ports or provincial authorities. In 1789, during the Napoleonic period, the ports were reverted to the state for revolutionary and military needs Management, this system lasted until 1898. A law of 1898 provided for the concession to establish and operate port facilities in the Chamber of Commerce, and a law of 1920 empowered chambers of commerce and local authorities to charge for shipping and cargo. Another law of 1920 stipulated that the non-autonomous port should be managed by the state’s public utilities department. The infrastructure of the port should be under the responsibility of the state for the construction and maintenance of the ports, and the chambers of commerce could participate. Boroughs have become public corporations and have financial autonomy and can receive financial help from the state in port infrastructure construction and maintenance.