目的：探讨人群对乙肝疫苗免疫应答与ＨＬＡ遗传多态性的相关性。方法：对５２名湖北汉族健康自愿者进行ＨＢＶ血源疫苗标准全程接种，共３次（第０、１、６月），末次接种后８ｗ用酶免疫法（ＥＩＡ）检测血清抗ＨＢｓ抗体水平：Ｓ／Ｎ≥２１为应答者；Ｓ／Ｎ＜２１为无应答者。同时对受试者进行ＨＬＡＩ类抗原多态性检测。结果：应答者４２人（８１０％），无应答者１０人（１９０％）；无应答者与ＨＬＡＢ３９具有显著相关性，ＲＲ＝１７５，χ２＝５２２，Ｐ＜００５，而与ＨＬＡＢ６２呈负相关，χ２＝６４１，Ｐ＜００５。结论：在湖北汉族人群中，ＨＬＡＢ３９表型阳性个体对乙肝疫苗免疫应答水平明显低于其他个体，而ＨＬＡＢ６２表型阳性个体明显高于其他个体。 Objective: To explore the correlation between population immune response to hepatitis B vaccine and HLA genetic polymorphism. Methods: Fifty-two healthy volunteers from Hubei Han were inoculated with HBV blood-borne vaccine for 3 times in total (0, 1, 6 months). Serum anti-HBs antibody levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) S / N ≥ 2  1 responders; S / N <2  1 as non-responders. At the same time, subjects were HLA  I antigen polymorphism detection. Results: There were 42 respondents (810%) and 10 non-respondents (190%). There was a significant correlation between HLAB39 and non-responders (RR = 175, χ2 = 5.22, P <005, but negatively correlated with HLAB62, χ2 = 641, P <005. Conclusion: The HLA-B39 phenotype-positive individuals in Hubei Han population showed significantly lower immune response to hepatitis B vaccine than HLA-B62-positive individuals, while HLAB62 phenotype-positive individuals were significantly higher than those in other individuals.